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Emperor Xian of Han (181 – 21 April 234; reigned 189–220), personal name Liu Xie, courtesy name Bohe, was the last emperor of the Han dynasty period of Chinese history. He was forced to abdicate in favor of Cao Pi and was given the title of Duke of Shanyang. Emperor Xian was the son of Emperor Ling and was the brother of Emperor Shao (who later became known as Prince of Hongnong). He was placed on the throne in 189 after Dong Zhuo removed his brother from the throne. This act was seen as a sign to all the other lords that Dong Zhuo was in full control of the empire. However, after Dong Zhuo was assassinated in 192, Emperor Xian became first a puppet and then was stranded in Luoyang with the warlords formally acknowledging him but giving him no aid. Eventually, Emperor Xian came under the control of Cao Cao in 196, and Cao used Emperor Xian as a nominal ruler effectively, issuing edicts beneficial to him in Emperor Xian's name, greatly helping him in his quest to reunify the empire, which appeared inevitable until Cao Cao's defeat by Sun Quan and Liu Bei at the Battle of Red Cliffs, leading to Sun and Liu's entrenchment in their territories. In 220, the Han dynasty was finally deposed by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending more than 400 years of Han dynastic rule and ushering in the era of the Three Kingdoms. Although Emperor Xian was demoted to a rank of nobility (Duke of Shanyang), he lived in comfort and enjoyed preferential treatment. He died in 234 at the age of 53, 14 years after the fall of his dynasty. ==Family background== Liu Xie was born in 181 to Emperor Ling and his Consort Wang. During her pregnancy, Consort Wang, fearful of Emperor Ling's Empress He, had taken drugs that were intended to induce an abortion, but was not successful in her attempt. Soon after she gave birth to Liu Xie, the jealous Empress He poisoned her by putting poison in her food. Emperor Ling was enraged and wanted to depose her, but the eunuchs pleaded on her behalf, and she was not deposed. Liu Xie was raised personally by Emperor Ling's mother Empress Dowager Dong and known by the circumspect title "Marquess Dong". (This is due to superstition; Emperor Ling had lost a number of sons previously, and therefore both Liu Xie and his older brother Liu Bian were known by such titles; Liu Bian, having been raised by Shi Zimiao (史子眇), was known as "Marquess Shi"). Liu Bian was born of the empress and was older, but Emperor Ling viewed his behavior as being insufficiently solemn and therefore considered appointing Liu Xie as his crown prince, but hesitated and could not decide. When Emperor Ling died in 189, an influential eunuch official whom he trusted, Jian Shuo, wanted to first kill Empress He's brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, and then install Liu Xie on the throne, and therefore set up a trap at a meeting he was to have with He Jin. He Jin found out, and pre-emptively declared Liu Bian as Emperor Shao. Later that year, Emperor Shao granted Liu Xie the title of Prince of Bohai, and later changed his title to Prince of Chenliu (陈留王). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emperor Xian of Han」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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